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Table 4

Summary of the main mechanisms of action and advantages of viscosifying polymer systems to improve the polymer flooding process.

System Mechanism Advantages*
Hydrophobically Modified Associative Polymers (HMAP) Hydrophobic association effect of the groups inserted in the main chain

  • Better thermal stability and tolerance to salinity;

  • Substantial increase in viscosity above the CAC;

  • Increased oil recovery factor.
Thermo-Viscosifying Polymers (TVP) Thermosensitive sequences are reversibly self-aggregating by the formation of physical interactions, forming hydrophobic microdomains

  • Improved the polymer performance under HTHS conditions;

  • Increased viscosity with higher temperatures, above LCST;

  • Increased oil recovery factor.
Polymer systems with nanoparticles Physical or chemical interactions between nanoparticles and functional groups in the polymer chain

  • Improved thermal stability and salinity tolerance;

  • Improved rheological properties;

  • Allowed application of lower polymer concentration;

  • Increased oil recovery factor.
*

Advantages in relation to the application of PHPA solutions for polymer flooding.

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