Table 1.
Summary on the study of nanofluid EOR.
| Authors | Date | Sources | Mechanisms | Chemicals | Nanoparticle | IFT change (%) | θ change (%) | Rocks | EOR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suleimanov et al. | 2011 | JPSE | Reduce IFT Decrease θ Increase μ w, 2 cp | Anionic, Sodium 4-alkyl-2ylbenzenesulfonate | Nanoparticle: nonferrous metal Size: 70–150 nm C: 0.001% wt D: 0.32–0.37 g/cm3 Oil: 7 cp PH: NA | 70–90 (10.9–1.04 dynes/cm) | 17 (23–19°) | Rock: NA ϕ = 26% k = 1000 md | 12–17 |
| Metin et al. | 2012 | Nanopart Res | None | Cationic (quaternary ammonium (quat)) or nonionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) | Nanoparticle: silica Size: 5–75 nm C: 0.04, 0.2, & 1%D: NA Oil: decane PH: NA | 4 (45–43 dynes/cm) | 22 (59–46°) | Rock: NA ϕ = NA k = NA | NA |
| Karimi et al. | 2012 | Energy & Fuels | Decrease θ | Tween 80 Span 85 Glycerin LA2 | Nanoparticle: zirconium oxide Size: 24 nm C: 0.05, 0.10 gr/cc D: NA Oil: n-heptane PH: 2–3 | NA | (180–32°) | Rock: Carbonate ϕ = 20% k = 30 md | 10 |
| Zhang et al. | 2014a | Energy & Fuels | Reduce IFTDecrease θ | IIT nanofluid (no details) | Nanoparticle: silica Size: 20 nm C: 10% vol.D: 1.15 g/cm3 Oil: crude, 94.88 cp (25 °C) PH: 9.7 | 91 (16–1.4 dynes/cm) | 98 (74–1.2°) | Rock: Berea sandstone ϕ = 20% k = 400 md | 33 |
| Moradi et al. | 2015 | SPE 178040 | Reduce IFT Decrease θ | No chemicals added | Nanoparticle: silica Size: 11–14 nm C: 0.1% mass D: NA Oil: crude, 30.3 cp (60 °F) PH: 9.7 | 21 (13.62–10.69 dynes/cm) | 87 (122–16°) | Rock: Carbonate ϕ = 10.33% k =2.839 md | 23.5 |
| Hendraningrat, et al. | 2013 | JPSE | Reduce IFTDecrease q | Povidone: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) | Nanoparticle: silica Size: 21–40 nm C: 0.01–1.0% mass D: NA Oil: crude, 5.1 cp (21.4 °C) PH: 3–5 | 58.9 (19.2–7.9 dynes/cm) | 59.3 (54–22°) | Rock: Berea sandstone f=13.93–23.20% k = 9–400 md | 0–6.1 |
| Hendraningrat and Torsaeter | 2014 | OTC 24696 | Decrease q | Povidone: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) | Nanoparticle: Aluminium, titanium, silica Size: 17–40 nm C: 0.05% mass D: 1.01–1.02 g/cm3 Oil: crude, 5–50 cp (22 °C) PH: 3–6 | NA | 61.1 (54–21°) | Rock: Berea sandstone f = 15% k = 60 md | 7–24 |
| Ogolo et al. | 2012 | SPE 160847 | Reduce IFTReduce μ 0 Change θ | Ethanol | Nanoparticle: Al2O3 et al. Size: 10–70 nm C: 3 g/LD: NA Oil: 55.3 cp (27 °C) PH: NA | NA | NA | Sand pack | 12 |
| Mcelfresh et al. | 2012 | SPE 154827 | Reduce IFT Decrease θ | NA | Nanoparticle: silica Size: 4–20 nm C: 10%D: NA Oil: San Andres crude oil PH: NA | NA | NA | Rock: Berea sandstone ϕ = 20% k = 40, 160 md | 22 for imbibition |
| El-Diasty and Aly | 2015 | SPE-175806 | Change SDPChange θ Log-jamming | Nanoparticle: silica Size: 5–60 nm C: 0.01–3% wt D: NA Oil: Mineral oil (27.3 API) PH: NA | NA | NA | Rock: sandstone ϕ =26% k =378.73 md | 5–35 | |
| Luo et al. | 2016 | PNAS | Climbing film Slug-like displacement | Nanoparticle: amphiphilic graphene nanosheets Size: 1 nm (thickness) C: 0.01%D: NA Oil: Heptane PH: NA | NA | NA | Rock: artificial rock ϕ = 24.8–27.9% k = 44.5–132 md | 6.7–15.2 | |
| Hu et al. | 2016 | Energy & Fuels | Change θ Change mobility Log-jamming | Polymer surfactant | Nanoparticle: TiO2 Size: 150 ± 20 nm C: 10–500 ppm D: NA Oil: HVI 60 mineral oil, 42.75 cp (25 °C) PH: 6.72 Zeta: −32.0 ± 1.0 mV | Not monotonic (47.5–49.0 then 44.5 dynes/cm) | 55.6 (18–8) | Rock: Berea sandstone ϕ = 18–25% k = 100–1000 md | 9.5–13.3 |
| Nwidee et al. | 2017 | JPSE | Change θ | Nanoparticle: ZrO2 and NiO Size: < 50 nmC: 0.004–0.05 wt%D: 5.89 g/mL at 25 °C Oil: Toluene PH: NA | NA | 71 (152–44) | Calcite crystals | NA | |
| Jiang et al. | 2017 | SPE 187096 | Change θ | No chemicals added | Nanoparticle: silica Size: 10–150 nm C: 0.01–1.0 wt% D: NA Oil: n-decanePH: NA | Rock: carbonate ϕ = 28% k = 225.4 md | 8.7 |