Open Access

Table 4

History tax rate of export duty for Urals above 25 USD per barrel.

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Tax Rate 60% 60% 60% 59% 42% 42% 30% 30%
Formula ED = 29.2 + (Urals − 182.5) × Tax Rate

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