Application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for Black Powder (BP) source identification in gas pipeline network based on 1-D model | Oil & Gas Science and Technology

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Table 7

Simulation results of optimization algorithm under situation for 10% increase in Q ₃.

BP source	Data set
	Simulation results						Statistic data
	Test 1		Test 2		Test 3		Statistic data
	Estimation	Abs. Error	Estimation	Abs. Error	Estimation	Abs. Error	Real	Avg.	SD
S ₁	9.5730	0.0730	9.5730	0.0730	9.5728	0.0728	9.5000	9.5730	0.0001
S ₂	6.1084	0.1084	6.1086	0.1086	6.1237	0.1237	6.0000	6.1136	0.0072
S ₃	7.5472	0.0472	7.5485	0.0485	7.5379	0.0379	7.5000	7.5445	0.0047
S ₄	5.0310	0.0310	5.0304	0.0304	5.0310	0.0310	5.0000	5.0308	0.0003
S ₅	4.5004	0.0004	4.4997	0.0003	4.5003	0.0003	4.5000	4.5001	0.0003
S ₆	8.0002	0.0002	8.0010	0.0010	8.0895	0.0895	8.0000	8.0302	0.0419
S ₇	5.5001	0.0001	5.4993	0.0007	5.4441	0.0559	5.5000	5.4812	0.0262
S ₈	0.5000	0.0000	0.5003	0.0003	0.4994	0.0006	0.5000	0.4999	0.0004
Cost function	0.0001		0.0002		0.0055		0.0000	0.0019	0.0025

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